Modern robotic technologies have enabled robots to operate in a variety of unstructured and dynamically-changing environments, in addition to traditional structured environments. Robots have, thus, become an important element in our everyday lives. One key approach to develop such intelligent and autonomous robots is to draw inspiration from biological systems. Biological structure, mechanisms, and underlying…

Fractional calculus is allowing integrals and derivatives of any positive order (the term fractional is kept only for historical reasons). It can be considered a branch of mathematical physics that deals with integro-differential equations, where integrals are of convolution type and exhibit mainly singular kernels of power law or logarithm type. It is a subject…

This module covers introductory topics that are fundamental to analytical chemistry; the branch of chemistry that deals with qualitative and quantitative aspects of chemical analysis. In this module, we shall examine the quantitative aspects of reactions in aqueous solution. These quantitative dimensions are sometimes referred to as solution stoichiometry. The focus will be on volumetric…

This College Algebra text will cover a combination of classical algebra and analytic geometry, with an introduction to the transcendental exponential and logarithmic functions. If mathematics is the language of science, then algebra is the grammar of that language. Like grammar, algebra provides a structure to mathematical notation, in addition to its uses in problem…

The Raspberry Pi is loved the world over by educators and makers thanks to it’s tiny size and endless possibilities. We’ve managed to stuff the fourth edition of the official Raspberry Pi Projects book with another 200 pages of inspiring projects, practical tutorials, and definitive reviews so you can find out why people like it…